Category: Architecture

The Nine Emperor Gods Festival

The Nine Emperor Gods Festival is a major Taoist celebration held during the ninth lunar month, honoring nine deities believed to control the movements of planets and bring good fortune. In Penang, especially at temples like Tow Boo Kong in Raja Uda, the festival is marked by vibrant rituals, long processions, vegetarian food offerings, and the lighting of massive incense sticks. Devotees often observe a nine-day vegetarian diet as an act of purification and devotion. The celebration is both spiritual and cultural, filling the streets with color, music, and prayers.

The Nine Emperor Gods Festival is steeped in legend and ancient Chinese cosmology. According to Taoist belief, the Nine Emperor Gods (known as Jiuhuang Dadi) are celestial beings representing the nine sons of Dou Mu, the Goddess of the North Star, who governs the universe and controls the life and death of mortals.

One of the most popular legends tells that the festival originated during China’s Qing Dynasty, when a secret society of devotees prayed to the Nine Emperors for protection against oppression. When the prayers were answered, the people began holding annual rituals to honor the gods.

During the festival, devotees welcome the gods on the eve of the ninth lunar month with a ceremonial procession to the sea or river, believed to be the portal through which the deities descend to Earth. After nine days of prayers, offerings, and vegetarian observance, the gods are sent back to the heavens through another water procession.

Tow Boo Kong Temple (Nine Emperor Gods)

The Tow Boo Kong Temple in Raja Uda, Butterworth, is one of Penang’s largest and most impressive Taoist temples, dedicated to the Nine Emperor Gods. What began as a small shrine in the 1970s has grown into a grand complex featuring ornate dragon pillars, intricate carvings, and a beautifully landscaped courtyard. The temple becomes especially lively during the Nine Emperor Gods Festival in the ninth lunar month, drawing thousands of devotees and visitors for prayers, processions, and cultural performances that fill the streets with color and devotion.

Armenian Street View at Night

Despite its name, Armenian Street (Lebuh Armenian) was not originally settled by Armenians. It was named after the small Armenian community that once lived there in the early 1800s, who were influential traders and philanthropists in Penang. Interestingly, the famous Eastern & Oriental Hotel was founded by the Armenian Sarkies Brothers, who also established Singapore’s Raffles Hotel.

Today, the street is a UNESCO heritage hotspot known for its murals, cafes, and historic shophouses.

Wisma Kastam (formerly the Malayan Railway Building)

Wisma Kastam (formerly the Malayan Railway Building), was completed in 1909 in George Town, Penang, and designed in Edwardian Baroque style by the British architect Arthur Benison Hubback. Though it was built as a railway terminus, it never housed any actual train tracks—passengers would come to the station, then take a ferry across to Butterworth instead.

Over time, it served many functions: offices, a clock tower, customs building, waiting hall, and more. Because of its utilitarian role without actual rail lines, locals refer to it as a “ghost station.” It has now been granted Grade I heritage status and is under new leaseholders, with efforts to preserve its architecture and legacy.

The building is located along China Street Ghaut, and is also known as the “Big Ben” of Penang.

Penang Isle : Fort Cornwallis Moat at Night

The newly restored western and southern moat at Fort Cornwallis at night. Together, both moats will form a water basin covering about 4,000 m², about 0.9 m deep, and holding roughly 3,600 cubic metres of water.  The restoration uses traditional construction methods, with features like mechanical sand filters and bio-retention swales built into the design for ecological health and long-term stability.  The project is part of Penang’s North Seafront Improvement Programme, with funding from the state government and partners like Think City and Yayasan Hasanah.

Sights in Penang : A Heritage Street View

A trishaw in Penang, locally called “beca,” is a traditional three-wheeled bicycle taxi mainly used by tourists to explore George Town and Penang’s heritage sites. The trishaw ride is a popular and relaxing way to see local street art, temples, mosques, and historic buildings around the UNESCO World Heritage Site area. Typically, rides cost around RM 40 to RM 50 per hour, with drivers often serving both as guides sharing local history and navigating the narrow and busy streets safely.

Trishaws hold historical importance since the 1930s and remain a cultural symbol despite the decline in daily local use, mostly catering now to visitors who want an authentic and leisurely tour experience around Penang’s charming spots.

Penang Isle : Fort Cornwallis Moat

The Fort Cornwallis moat in Penang has undergone a major restoration set to be fully completed and opened to the public by July 2025, featuring the reinstatement of its southern and western sections to form a 4,000 square meter water basin about 0.9 meters deep, holding approximately 3,600 cubic meters of water. Using traditional building methods for long-term stability, the restoration includes ecological enhancements like a mechanical sand filter and a vegetated bio-retention swale, aligning with sustainable development goals. The project, costing around RM23.4 million and supported by the Penang state government, Think City, and Hasanah Foundation, also includes landscaping improvements, new visitor amenities, and a rebuilt food court adjacent to the moat, designed to complement the historic site.

This restoration revives the fort’s original defensive features from its 1804 construction, enhancing heritage conservation and turning the moat area into an attractive green public space and educational site for both locals and tourists, particularly timed to coincide with the George Town UNESCO World Heritage celebrations.

Originally constructed by the British East India Company in 1804 as a defensive measure during the Napoleonic Wars, the moat was filled in 1921 due to public health concerns (malaria) and construction developments.

Khoo Kongsi at Night

Khoo Kongsi, officially known as Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi, is the grandest Hokkien clanhouse in Malaysia and one of George Town’s most iconic heritage sites. Located at Cannon Square amidst a network of old shophouses, it was rebuilt in 1906 after a fire destroyed the original structure—featuring a magnificent ancestral hall, operatic stage, administrative blocks, and rows of terrace houses forming a tightly-knit clan complex . The main hall, Leong San Tong (Dragon Mountain Hall), showcases exquisite Southern Fujian craftsmanship—with detailed stone carvings, ornate wooden beams, gilded decorations, and a rich visual tapestry of murals and ancestral tablets. The site also houses a small museum tracing the Khoo family’s migration from Fujian, clan governance, and community influence in Penang’s development.